রানওয়ে লাইট ব্যাখ্যা করা হয়েছে | রং, ব্যবধান, প্রকার

An essential part of an airport’s infrastructure, runway lights guarantee the security and efficacy of aircraft processes, particularly at night and with little visibility.

These lights guide pilots throughout takeoff and landing and flow as solid visual resources.

প্রতিটি রানওয়ে লাইটের স্বতন্ত্র রং, ব্যবধান এবং ফাংশন পাইলটদের দিকনির্দেশ নিতে এবং নিরাপদ অবতরণ করার জন্য একটি ব্যবস্থা প্রদান করে। 

ভরলেন এখানে একাধিক রানওয়ে লাইট, এভিয়েশন নিরাপত্তায় তাদের স্বতন্ত্র ভূমিকা এবং তাদের রং এবং ব্যবধানের ব্যাখ্যা নিয়ে আলোচনা করবে।

রানওয়ে লাইট ধরনের

Runway lighting is essential for guiding aircraft safely during takeoff and landing.

Lights installed along the runway’s edge and approach areas help pilots navigate under various visibility conditions.

Lead-off lights provide visual guidance as aircraft transition from the runway to taxiways.

Usually, the lights are visible from 3-5 miles away, allowing pilots to identify the runway from a considerable distance.

The lighting setup usually consists of a row of evenly spaced lights, which may begin to alternate between colors to signal the approaching end of the runway or provide other critical information.

এজ লাইট

রঙ

The airport runway edge lights are white.

But these white lights turn yellow at the final 2,000 feet or the last second half of the remaining runway extent, whichever is shorter.

Pilots become alert when the light turns yellow when approaching the close of the runway. 

ব্যবধান

The runway alert lights are installed 200 feet away on either side of the runway.

With consistent spacing, the runway border will be easier for pilots to see since it forms a continuous, distinct outline, especially in poor light.

উদ্দেশ্য

Runway edge lights are primarily used to mark the boundaries of the runway.

These could be medium-intensity runway lights (MIRLs) at less busy airports.

These lights allow the pilots to maintain proper queuing during landing and takeoff.

Moreover, these lights keep the pilots focused on the airfield and stay clear of departures that could cause jerks.

Pilots will stay alert by the runway’s remaining length when it turns yellow near its end, which facilitates safe landing and stopping operations. 

রানওয়ে সেন্টারলাইন লাইট

রঙ

The runway centerline lights are white in color.

The runway’s final 3,000 feet blink alternate red and white lights.

All of the centerline lights turn red for the last 1,000 feet.

When landing, this hue shift assists pilots in determining how far they still have to go on the runway. 

ব্যবধান

Runway centerline lights are spaced 50 feet apart along the centerline of the runway.

The close spacing provides a constant visual reference, which is especially helpful in low-visibility situations like dense fog or continuous rain.

উদ্দেশ্য

Being placed at half the runway length, the runway centerline lights provide critical alignment advice to the pilot.

They guarantee that pilots stay focused on the runway by assisting them in maintaining the proper course during landing.

Pilots are alerted to the leftover length’s runway by all-red lights in the last 1,000 feet and the tweaking red and white lights in the final 3,000 feet.

This light alternation helps in safe and slowed landing, especially in wild weather or at night. 

টাচডাউন জোন লাইট (TDZL)

রঙ

White lights are used in the touchdown zone of the runway.

Because of their excellent visibility and striking contrast with the runway, incoming pilots can immediately distinguish them thanks to their color. 

ব্যবধান

Such lights are installed 100 feet apart on both sides of the runway centerline.

This balanced positioning provides a precision approach in the touchdown zone. 

উদ্দেশ্য

Marking the touchdown zone, typically the initial 3,000 feet or the initial third on a runway.

This zone is shorter and the best spot for an airplane to touch down on the runway when landing.

Particularly in low visibility situations, TDZLs help pilots locate the exact spot for a safe landing by focusing on the crucial area.

In order to maximize the runway distance known for slowing and halting, they offer pilots visual direction to help them synchronize their approach and descent. 

রানওয়ে এন্ড আইডেন্টিফায়ার লাইট (REIL)

রঙ

The white flashing lights are placed on the Runway end Identifier.

The flashing differentiates them from various বিমানবন্দরের আলো, তাদের অত্যন্ত লক্ষণীয় এবং বিশিষ্ট করে তোলে। 

উদ্দেশ্য

REILs are placed by the runway end to maintain the threshold.

Their primary function is to enable pilots to identify the runway end when approaching quickly.

This is particularly helpful while operating at night or when the weather restricts visibility.

The white lights also provide a clear visual indication to help pilots identify the runway point quickly and synchronize their approach for a safe landing.

REILs improve pilots’ situational awareness and across-the-board landing safety by enhancing the view of the runway end.

Runway Threshold Lights

রঙ

The green and yellow lights are placed on the runway approach end, while the departure ends with red threshold lights.

When viewed from the point of the departing aircraft, the runway ends at the red light and starts to land at the green light. 

ব্যবধান

The runway threshold has a continuous row of lights.

This produces an arc of lights that never stops, indicating where the landing area begins. 

উদ্দেশ্য

Runway threshold lights are strategically placed to ensure pilots have a clear visual reference point for the start and end of the runway.

The green lights at the start indicate the beginning of the runway open for landing oncoming aircraft.

Such light placement helps the pilots to land in the approved location and accurately align their planes.

Pilots will determine the takeoff zone through red lights, which signify the end of the runway.

For safe runway execution, this tracing is important as it gives pilots visual cues for both takeoff and landing.

ট্যাক্সিওয়ে লাইট

রঙ

দ্য ট্যাক্সিওয়ে লাইট are blue in color. Their bright colors help to distinguish them from other runway lights and to be seen by pilots when flying over the airport. 

ব্যবধান

The spacing of the lights on the taxiway may vary depending on the airport’s design and specifications.

The position of these lights is on boundaries to ensure the path is defined.

The varying spacing allows for different taxiway lengths and configurations while maintaining visual guidance.

উদ্দেশ্য

Airport taxiway lights serve multiple purposes.

The main objective is to guide terminals, runways, and other parts of the airport.

They mark the designated path for the aircraft to follow, separate taxiing aircraft from other vehicles and pedestrians, and even provide directional cues for specific plots like turns and exits.

These light systems reduce the chance of pilots deviating from the approved route by clearly defining the taxiway boundaries.

This is critical at night or in low visibility with limited visual references.

By enabling safe and orderly aircraft movement around the airport, taxiway lights contribute to smooth and efficient ground operations.

রং এবং তাদের অর্থ

Pilots need to know the colors of the runway and taxiway lights as they are visual cues for flying and navigation.

Every color has a meaning and purpose that makes airport operations more effective and safe.

সাদা:

• Usage: Mostly for centerlines and runway edges. 
• Meaning: White light means the runway you can use. During taxiing, landing, and takeoffs, the constant white lights help you stay in line and know the edges of the runway. 

লাল:

• Usage: Red lights are located on the runway centerline’s final part as the approach light system. 
• Meaning: It means the pilots should be alert to the boundary, and the end of the runway is near. Pilots can use the red lights to make the necessary adjustments to land safely or not overrun.

সবুজ:

• ব্যবহার: সবুজ আলো রানওয়ের প্রান্তে আছে। 
• Meaning: It signifies the start of the runway is open for landing. Green threshold lights help pilots to identify where the runway starts so they can land in the designated landing area.

হলুদ:

• ব্যবহার: এটি রানওয়ে সাইড লাইটের চূড়ান্ত সেগমেন্টে উপস্থিত। 
• Meaning: The yellow light alarms pilots that they are on the final 2,000 feet, or half the total length. 

নীল:

• ব্যবহার: ট্যাক্সিওয়ে প্রান্তে প্রযোজ্য। 
• Meaning: Directs airplanes on their way to the runway. Pilots can navigate between runways and other airport facilities by following the defined routes marked by runway and taxiway lights.

এই রঙ-কোডেড লাইটগুলি একটি শক্তিশালী ভিজ্যুয়াল সিস্টেম সরবরাহ করে যা পাইলট পরিস্থিতিগত সচেতনতা উন্নত করে এবং বিভিন্ন পরিস্থিতিতে নিরাপদ এবং কার্যকর বিমানবন্দর পরিচালনার গ্যারান্টি দেয়।

রানওয়ে লাইটের ব্যবধান

Proper spacing of runway light fixtures is important to ensure pilots have steady visual cues during all phases of flight.

There are specific spacing requirements for each runway light depending on its purpose and function.

রানওয়ে এজ লাইট:

• ব্যবধান: কমপক্ষে 200 ফুট দূরে অবস্থিত।
• Purpose: It gives the runway’s edge a unique definition. Pilots need to see the runway edge clearly so they can stay aligned from takeoff to landing.

রানওয়ে সেন্টারলাইন লাইট:

• ব্যবধান: 50 ফুট দূরে অবস্থিত। 
• উদ্দেশ্য: এটি রানওয়ে জুড়ে ধ্রুবক নির্দেশনা নিশ্চিত করে। কাছাকাছি ব্যবধানের সাথে, পাইলটরা রানওয়েতে তাদের মাধ্যাকর্ষণ কেন্দ্র বজায় রাখতে পারে, যা কম দৃশ্যমানতায় অবতরণ করার সময় বিশেষভাবে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ। এটি পাইলটদের একটি সামঞ্জস্যপূর্ণ এবং সুস্পষ্ট ভিজ্যুয়াল রেফারেন্স দেয়।

টাচডাউন জোন লাইট (TDZL):

• ব্যবধান: 100 ফুট দ্বারা পৃথক 
• উদ্দেশ্য: সঠিকভাবে টাচডাউন এলাকা নির্ধারণ করুন। পাইলটরা রানওয়ে সেন্টারলাইনের উভয় পাশে উপস্থিত এই লাইটগুলি ব্যবহার করে আদর্শ ল্যান্ডিং জোন চিহ্নিত করতে পারেন। এটি তাদের রানওয়ে পৃষ্ঠের সাথে যোগাযোগ করার সর্বোত্তম স্থান নির্ধারণ করতে সহায়তা করে। 

ট্যাক্সিওয়ে লাইট:

• ব্যবধান: এর ব্যবধান বৈচিত্র্যময়। 
• Purpose: It assures taxiways are precise. Although taxiway centerline lights are present and offer continuous visuals along the sides of taxiways, their spacing may vary depending on the particular design and ordinances of the airport. This flexibility allows for varying taxiway lengths and layouts while providing pilots with efficient guidance. 

Here is a table to get all the information at a glance: