An essential part of an airport’s infrastructure, runway lights guarantee the security and efficacy of aircraft processes, particularly at night and with little visibility.
These lights guide pilots throughout takeoff and landing and flow as solid visual resources.
สี ระยะห่าง และฟังก์ชันที่แตกต่างกันของไฟทางวิ่งแต่ละดวงจะทำให้นักบินสามารถกำหนดทิศทางและลงจอดได้อย่างปลอดภัย
วอร์เลน จะหารือเกี่ยวกับไฟบนรันเวย์หลายดวงที่นี่ บทบาทที่แตกต่างกันด้านความปลอดภัยในการบิน และคำอธิบายเกี่ยวกับสีและระยะห่างของไฟเหล่านี้
ประเภทของไฟรันเวย์
Runway lighting is essential for guiding aircraft safely during takeoff and landing.
Lights installed along the runway’s edge and approach areas help pilots navigate under various visibility conditions.
Lead-off lights provide visual guidance as aircraft transition from the runway to taxiways.
Usually, the lights are visible from 3-5 miles away, allowing pilots to identify the runway from a considerable distance.
The lighting setup usually consists of a row of evenly spaced lights, which may begin to alternate between colors to signal the approaching end of the runway or provide other critical information.
ไฟขอบ
สี
The airport runway edge lights are white.
But these white lights turn yellow at the final 2,000 feet or the last second half of the remaining runway extent, whichever is shorter.
Pilots become alert when the light turns yellow when approaching the close of the runway.
ระยะห่าง
The runway alert lights are installed 200 feet away on either side of the runway.
With consistent spacing, the runway border will be easier for pilots to see since it forms a continuous, distinct outline, especially in poor light.
วัตถุประสงค์
Runway edge lights are primarily used to mark the boundaries of the runway.
These could be medium-intensity runway lights (MIRLs) at less busy airports.
These lights allow the pilots to maintain proper queuing during landing and takeoff.
Moreover, these lights keep the pilots focused on the airfield and stay clear of departures that could cause jerks.
Pilots will stay alert by the runway’s remaining length when it turns yellow near its end, which facilitates safe landing and stopping operations.
ไฟกึ่งกลางทางวิ่ง
สี
The runway centerline lights are white in color.
The runway’s final 3,000 feet blink alternate red and white lights.
All of the centerline lights turn red for the last 1,000 feet.
When landing, this hue shift assists pilots in determining how far they still have to go on the runway.
ระยะห่าง
Runway centerline lights are spaced 50 feet apart along the centerline of the runway.
The close spacing provides a constant visual reference, which is especially helpful in low-visibility situations like dense fog or continuous rain.
วัตถุประสงค์
Being placed at half the runway length, the runway centerline lights provide critical alignment advice to the pilot.
They guarantee that pilots stay focused on the runway by assisting them in maintaining the proper course during landing.
Pilots are alerted to the leftover length’s runway by all-red lights in the last 1,000 feet and the tweaking red and white lights in the final 3,000 feet.
This light alternation helps in safe and slowed landing, especially in wild weather or at night.
ไฟโซนทัชดาวน์ (TDZL)
สี
White lights are used in the touchdown zone of the runway.
Because of their excellent visibility and striking contrast with the runway, incoming pilots can immediately distinguish them thanks to their color.
ระยะห่าง
Such lights are installed 100 feet apart on both sides of the runway centerline.
This balanced positioning provides a precision approach in the touchdown zone.
วัตถุประสงค์
Marking the touchdown zone, typically the initial 3,000 feet or the initial third on a runway.
This zone is shorter and the best spot for an airplane to touch down on the runway when landing.
Particularly in low visibility situations, TDZLs help pilots locate the exact spot for a safe landing by focusing on the crucial area.
In order to maximize the runway distance known for slowing and halting, they offer pilots visual direction to help them synchronize their approach and descent.
ไฟระบุปลายทางวิ่ง (REIL)
สี
The white flashing lights are placed on the Runway end Identifier.
The flashing differentiates them from various ไฟสนามบินทำให้มีความโดดเด่นและโดดเด่นเป็นอย่างมาก
วัตถุประสงค์
REILs are placed by the runway end to maintain the threshold.
Their primary function is to enable pilots to identify the runway end when approaching quickly.
This is particularly helpful while operating at night or when the weather restricts visibility.
The white lights also provide a clear visual indication to help pilots identify the runway point quickly and synchronize their approach for a safe landing.
REILs improve pilots’ situational awareness and across-the-board landing safety by enhancing the view of the runway end.
Runway Threshold Lights
สี
The green and yellow lights are placed on the runway approach end, while the departure ends with red threshold lights.
When viewed from the point of the departing aircraft, the runway ends at the red light and starts to land at the green light.
ระยะห่าง
The runway threshold has a continuous row of lights.
This produces an arc of lights that never stops, indicating where the landing area begins.
วัตถุประสงค์
Runway threshold lights are strategically placed to ensure pilots have a clear visual reference point for the start and end of the runway.
The green lights at the start indicate the beginning of the runway open for landing oncoming aircraft.
Such light placement helps the pilots to land in the approved location and accurately align their planes.
Pilots will determine the takeoff zone through red lights, which signify the end of the runway.
For safe runway execution, this tracing is important as it gives pilots visual cues for both takeoff and landing.
ไฟทางแท็กซี่
สี
ที่ ไฟทางแท็กซี่ are blue in color. Their bright colors help to distinguish them from other runway lights and to be seen by pilots when flying over the airport.
ระยะห่าง
The spacing of the lights on the taxiway may vary depending on the airport’s design and specifications.
The position of these lights is on boundaries to ensure the path is defined.
The varying spacing allows for different taxiway lengths and configurations while maintaining visual guidance.
วัตถุประสงค์
Airport taxiway lights serve multiple purposes.
The main objective is to guide terminals, runways, and other parts of the airport.
They mark the designated path for the aircraft to follow, separate taxiing aircraft from other vehicles and pedestrians, and even provide directional cues for specific plots like turns and exits.
These light systems reduce the chance of pilots deviating from the approved route by clearly defining the taxiway boundaries.
This is critical at night or in low visibility with limited visual references.
By enabling safe and orderly aircraft movement around the airport, taxiway lights contribute to smooth and efficient ground operations.
สีและความหมาย
Pilots need to know the colors of the runway and taxiway lights as they are visual cues for flying and navigation.
Every color has a meaning and purpose that makes airport operations more effective and safe.
สีขาว:
- Usage: Mostly for centerlines and runway edges.
- Meaning: White light means the runway you can use. During taxiing, landing, and takeoffs, the constant white lights help you stay in line and know the edges of the runway.
สีแดง:
- Usage: Red lights are located on the runway centerline’s final part as the approach light system.
- Meaning: It means the pilots should be alert to the boundary, and the end of the runway is near. Pilots can use the red lights to make the necessary adjustments to land safely or not overrun.
สีเขียว:
- การใช้งาน: ไฟสีเขียวอยู่ที่ขอบรันเวย์
- Meaning: It signifies the start of the runway is open for landing. Green threshold lights help pilots to identify where the runway starts so they can land in the designated landing area.
สีเหลือง:
- การใช้งาน: ปรากฏอยู่ในส่วนสุดท้ายของไฟด้านข้างทางวิ่ง
- Meaning: The yellow light alarms pilots that they are on the final 2,000 feet, or half the total length.
สีฟ้า:
- การใช้งาน: ใช้ได้กับขอบทางขับ
- Meaning: Directs airplanes on their way to the runway. Pilots can navigate between runways and other airport facilities by following the defined routes marked by runway and taxiway lights.
ไฟรหัสสีเหล่านี้มีระบบการมองเห็นที่แข็งแกร่ง ซึ่งปรับปรุงการรับรู้สถานการณ์ของนักบิน และรับประกันการปฏิบัติงานของสนามบินที่ปลอดภัยและมีประสิทธิภาพในสถานการณ์ต่างๆ
ระยะห่างของไฟรันเวย์
Proper spacing of runway light fixtures is important to ensure pilots have steady visual cues during all phases of flight.
There are specific spacing requirements for each runway light depending on its purpose and function.
ไฟขอบรันเวย์:
- ระยะห่าง: อยู่ห่างกันอย่างน้อย 200 ฟุต
- Purpose: It gives the runway’s edge a unique definition. Pilots need to see the runway edge clearly so they can stay aligned from takeoff to landing.
ไฟกึ่งกลางทางวิ่ง:
- ระยะห่าง: ห่างกัน 50 ฟุต
- วัตถุประสงค์: รับประกันการนำทางอย่างต่อเนื่องตลอดรันเวย์ ด้วยระยะห่างที่มากขึ้น นักบินสามารถรักษาจุดศูนย์ถ่วงบนรันเวย์ได้ ซึ่งมีความสำคัญอย่างยิ่งเมื่อลงจอดในที่ที่ทัศนวิสัยต่ำ นอกจากนี้ยังช่วยให้นักบินมีการอ้างอิงด้วยภาพที่สอดคล้องกันและชัดเจน
ไฟโซนทัชดาวน์ (TDZL):
- ระยะห่าง: ห่างกัน 100 ฟุต
- วัตถุประสงค์: กำหนดพื้นที่ทัชดาวน์อย่างถูกต้อง นักบินสามารถระบุโซนลงจอดในอุดมคติได้โดยใช้ไฟเหล่านี้ ซึ่งปรากฏอยู่ที่ทั้งสองด้านของเส้นกึ่งกลางทางวิ่ง ซึ่งจะช่วยให้พวกเขาระบุจุดที่ดีที่สุดในการสัมผัสกับพื้นผิวรันเวย์ได้
ไฟทางแท็กซี่:
- ระยะห่าง: ระยะห่างของมันแตกต่างกันไป
- Purpose: It assures taxiways are precise. Although taxiway centerline lights are present and offer continuous visuals along the sides of taxiways, their spacing may vary depending on the particular design and ordinances of the airport. This flexibility allows for varying taxiway lengths and layouts while providing pilots with efficient guidance.
Here is a table to get all the information at a glance:
Type of Runway Light | สี | ระยะห่าง | วัตถุประสงค์ |
Runway Edge Lights | White (yellow in last 2,000 feet or half runway length); red at the end | 200 feet apart | Outline the edges of the runway |
Runway Centerline Lights (RCLL) | White (alternating red/white in last 3,000 feet; red in last 1,000 feet) | 50 feet apart | Guide the aircraft along the runway centerline |
ไฟโซนทัชดาวน์ (TDZL) | สีขาว | 100 feet apart | Mark the touchdown zone for landing |
Approach Lighting System (ALS) | White (may include red sequenced flashing lights) | Various, depending on configuration | Provide visual guidance during the approach phase |
ไฟเกณฑ์ | Green (viewed from approach); Red (viewed from the runway) | Placed along the side of the runway threshold | Mark the beginning and end of the usable runway |
ไฟระบุปลายทางวิ่ง (REIL) | Flashing white | Installed at each side of the threshold | Identify the runway threshold from a distance, especially at night |
Runway Guard Lights | Flashing yellow | ไม่มี | Indicate a runway holding position, typically at taxiway intersections |
Stop Bar Lights | These lights are red | Installed across the taxiway | Indicate that aircraft must stop and not enter the runway |
Taxiway Edge Lights | Blue (edge lights); Green (centerline lights) | Edge: 200 feet apart; Centerline: 50 feet apart | Guide aircraft along taxiways to/from the runway |
Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI) or VASI | Red/White | ไม่มี | Provide visual glide path information to pilots during approach |
ข้อกำหนดระยะห่างไฟทางวิ่งเหล่านี้ปรับปรุงความปลอดภัยและประสิทธิภาพการปฏิบัติงานโดยให้ข้อมูลภาพที่นักบินต้องการเพื่อชี้แนะสภาพแวดล้อมทางวิ่งในสถานการณ์ต่างๆ ให้ประสบความสำเร็จ
บทสรุป
Pilots must understand runway lights to steer safely between landing, takeoff, and taxiing.
With the distinct color and spacing, each kind of light is essential to sustaining good visibility and guaranteeing reliable functions at the airport.
The taxiway centerline lights guarantee exact alignment down the runway, whereas runway edge lights serve as crucial boundary illuminators.
Pilots can find the best landing spot with the help of Touchdown Zone Lights and quickly identify the runway end with REILs.
Taxiway lights, meanwhile, make ground activities safe and effective.
High-intensity runway lights are used at large, busy airports that provide the highest level of brightness.
You’ll understand the significance of these runway guiding lights the next time you’re flying at night.
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คำถามที่พบบ่อย (FAQ)
1. Why are runway lights different colors?
The many colors of runway lights serve different purposes to keep pilots safe and aware during different phases of flight:
- White: The functional runway surface center lines and runway edges.
- Red: At the end of the runway, warn pilots of the runway limit.
- Green: At the start of the open runway for landing.
- Yellow: In the final segment of the runway edge lights.
- Blue: On taxiway edges to guide aircraft to and from the runway.
2. Why are the centreline lights 50 feet apart?
For a steady guide along the center line, 50-foot spacing is used for centerline lights.
The close spacing of these lights gives the pilot a constant visual reference, which helps in critical takeoff and low-visibility landings.
Because of these lights the pilot can maintain alignment and focus on the runway and land safer.
3. What can the pilot get from Runway End Identifier Lights?
The runway end has flashing white lights to help the pilot identify the end.
These are Runway End Identifier Lights (REIL).
They provide quick recognition of the runway ends during the process, especially at night or in bad visibility.
The high-level flashing lights help the pilot to identify the runway point directly and align safely.