An essential part of an airport’s infrastructure, runway lights guarantee the security and efficacy of aircraft processes, particularly at night and with little visibility.

These lights guide pilots throughout takeoff and landing and flow as solid visual resources.

Màu sắc, khoảng cách và chức năng riêng biệt của mỗi đèn đường băng cung cấp một hệ thống giúp phi công xác định chỉ đường và thực hiện hạ cánh an toàn. 

Vorlane sẽ thảo luận về nhiều đèn đường băng ở đây, vai trò riêng biệt của chúng đối với an toàn hàng không cũng như giải thích về màu sắc và khoảng cách của chúng.

Các loại đèn đường băng

Runway lighting is essential for guiding aircraft safely during takeoff and landing.

Lights installed along the runway’s edge and approach areas help pilots navigate under various visibility conditions.

Lead-off lights provide visual guidance as aircraft transition from the runway to taxiways.

Usually, the lights are visible from 3-5 miles away, allowing pilots to identify the runway from a considerable distance.

The lighting setup usually consists of a row of evenly spaced lights, which may begin to alternate between colors to signal the approaching end of the runway or provide other critical information.

Đèn cạnh

Màu sắc

The airport runway edge lights are white.

But these white lights turn yellow at the final 2,000 feet or the last second half of the remaining runway extent, whichever is shorter.

Pilots become alert when the light turns yellow when approaching the close of the runway. 

khoảng cách

The runway alert lights are installed 200 feet away on either side of the runway.

With consistent spacing, the runway border will be easier for pilots to see since it forms a continuous, distinct outline, especially in poor light.

Mục đích

Runway edge lights are primarily used to mark the boundaries of the runway.

These could be medium-intensity runway lights (MIRLs) at less busy airports.

These lights allow the pilots to maintain proper queuing during landing and takeoff.

Moreover, these lights keep the pilots focused on the airfield and stay clear of departures that could cause jerks.

Pilots will stay alert by the runway’s remaining length when it turns yellow near its end, which facilitates safe landing and stopping operations. 

Đèn đường tâm đường băng

Màu sắc

The runway centerline lights are white in color.

The runway’s final 3,000 feet blink alternate red and white lights.

All of the centerline lights turn red for the last 1,000 feet.

When landing, this hue shift assists pilots in determining how far they still have to go on the runway. 

khoảng cách

Runway centerline lights are spaced 50 feet apart along the centerline of the runway.

The close spacing provides a constant visual reference, which is especially helpful in low-visibility situations like dense fog or continuous rain.

Mục đích

Being placed at half the runway length, the runway centerline lights provide critical alignment advice to the pilot.

They guarantee that pilots stay focused on the runway by assisting them in maintaining the proper course during landing.

Pilots are alerted to the leftover length’s runway by all-red lights in the last 1,000 feet and the tweaking red and white lights in the final 3,000 feet.

This light alternation helps in safe and slowed landing, especially in wild weather or at night. 

Đèn vùng chạm (TDZL)

Màu sắc

White lights are used in the touchdown zone of the runway.

Because of their excellent visibility and striking contrast with the runway, incoming pilots can immediately distinguish them thanks to their color. 

khoảng cách

Such lights are installed 100 feet apart on both sides of the runway centerline.

This balanced positioning provides a precision approach in the touchdown zone. 

Mục đích

Marking the touchdown zone, typically the initial 3,000 feet or the initial third on a runway.

This zone is shorter and the best spot for an airplane to touch down on the runway when landing.

Particularly in low visibility situations, TDZLs help pilots locate the exact spot for a safe landing by focusing on the crucial area.

In order to maximize the runway distance known for slowing and halting, they offer pilots visual direction to help them synchronize their approach and descent. 

Đèn nhận dạng cuối đường băng (REIL)

Màu sắc

The white flashing lights are placed on the Runway end Identifier.

The flashing differentiates them from various đèn sân bay, làm cho chúng rất đáng chú ý và nổi bật. 

Mục đích

REILs are placed by the runway end to maintain the threshold.

Their primary function is to enable pilots to identify the runway end when approaching quickly.

This is particularly helpful while operating at night or when the weather restricts visibility.

The white lights also provide a clear visual indication to help pilots identify the runway point quickly and synchronize their approach for a safe landing.

REILs improve pilots’ situational awareness and across-the-board landing safety by enhancing the view of the runway end.

Runway Threshold Lights

Màu sắc

The green and yellow lights are placed on the runway approach end, while the departure ends with red threshold lights.

When viewed from the point of the departing aircraft, the runway ends at the red light and starts to land at the green light. 

khoảng cách

The runway threshold has a continuous row of lights.

This produces an arc of lights that never stops, indicating where the landing area begins. 

Mục đích

Runway threshold lights are strategically placed to ensure pilots have a clear visual reference point for the start and end of the runway.

The green lights at the start indicate the beginning of the runway open for landing oncoming aircraft.

Such light placement helps the pilots to land in the approved location and accurately align their planes.

Pilots will determine the takeoff zone through red lights, which signify the end of the runway.

For safe runway execution, this tracing is important as it gives pilots visual cues for both takeoff and landing.

Đèn đường lăn

Màu sắc

Các đèn đường lăn are blue in color. Their bright colors help to distinguish them from other runway lights and to be seen by pilots when flying over the airport. 

khoảng cách

The spacing of the lights on the taxiway may vary depending on the airport’s design and specifications.

The position of these lights is on boundaries to ensure the path is defined.

The varying spacing allows for different taxiway lengths and configurations while maintaining visual guidance.

Mục đích

Airport taxiway lights serve multiple purposes.

The main objective is to guide terminals, runways, and other parts of the airport.

They mark the designated path for the aircraft to follow, separate taxiing aircraft from other vehicles and pedestrians, and even provide directional cues for specific plots like turns and exits.

These light systems reduce the chance of pilots deviating from the approved route by clearly defining the taxiway boundaries.

This is critical at night or in low visibility with limited visual references.

By enabling safe and orderly aircraft movement around the airport, taxiway lights contribute to smooth and efficient ground operations.

Màu sắc và ý nghĩa của chúng

Pilots need to know the colors of the runway and taxiway lights as they are visual cues for flying and navigation.

Every color has a meaning and purpose that makes airport operations more effective and safe.

Trắng:

  • Usage: Mostly for centerlines and runway edges. 
  • Meaning: White light means the runway you can use. During taxiing, landing, and takeoffs, the constant white lights help you stay in line and know the edges of the runway. 

Màu đỏ:

  • Usage: Red lights are located on the runway centerline’s final part as the approach light system. 
  • Meaning: It means the pilots should be alert to the boundary, and the end of the runway is near. Pilots can use the red lights to make the necessary adjustments to land safely or not overrun.

Màu xanh lá:

  • Cách sử dụng: Đèn xanh ở rìa đường băng. 
  • Meaning: It signifies the start of the runway is open for landing. Green threshold lights help pilots to identify where the runway starts so they can land in the designated landing area.

Màu vàng:

  • Cách sử dụng: Nó hiện diện ở đoạn cuối của đèn bên đường băng. 
  • Meaning: The yellow light alarms pilots that they are on the final 2,000 feet, or half the total length. 

Màu xanh da trời:

  • Cách sử dụng: Áp dụng cho các cạnh đường lăn. 
  • Meaning: Directs airplanes on their way to the runway. Pilots can navigate between runways and other airport facilities by following the defined routes marked by runway and taxiway lights.

Những đèn được mã hóa màu này cung cấp một hệ thống hình ảnh mạnh mẽ giúp cải thiện khả năng nhận biết tình huống của phi công và đảm bảo hoạt động sân bay an toàn và hiệu quả trong nhiều tình huống khác nhau.

Khoảng cách của đèn đường băng

Proper spacing of runway light fixtures is important to ensure pilots have steady visual cues during all phases of flight.

There are specific spacing requirements for each runway light depending on its purpose and function.

Đèn cạnh đường băng:

  • Khoảng cách: nằm cách nhau ít nhất 200 feet.
  • Purpose: It gives the runway’s edge a unique definition. Pilots need to see the runway edge clearly so they can stay aligned from takeoff to landing.

Đèn đường tâm đường băng:

  • Khoảng cách: nằm cách nhau 50 ft. 
  • Mục đích: Nó đảm bảo sự dẫn đường liên tục trong suốt đường băng. Với khoảng cách gần hơn, phi công có thể duy trì trọng tâm trên đường băng, điều này đặc biệt quan trọng khi hạ cánh trong tầm nhìn hạn chế. Nó cũng cung cấp cho phi công một tài liệu tham khảo trực quan nhất quán và rõ ràng.

Đèn vùng chạm (TDZL):

  • Khoảng cách: Cách nhau 100 ft. 
  • Mục đích: Xác định chính xác khu vực tiếp đất. Phi công có thể xác định khu vực hạ cánh lý tưởng bằng cách sử dụng các đèn này, có ở cả hai bên đường tâm đường băng. Điều này giúp họ xác định vị trí tốt nhất để tiếp xúc với bề mặt đường băng. 

Đèn đường lăn:

  • Khoảng cách: Khoảng cách của nó rất đa dạng. 
  • Purpose: It assures taxiways are precise. Although taxiway centerline lights are present and offer continuous visuals along the sides of taxiways, their spacing may vary depending on the particular design and ordinances of the airport. This flexibility allows for varying taxiway lengths and layouts while providing pilots with efficient guidance. 

Here is a table to get all the information at a glance:

Type of Runway Light

Màu sắc

khoảng cách

Mục đích

Runway Edge Lights

White (yellow in last 2,000 feet or half runway length); red at the end

200 feet apart

Outline the edges of the runway

Runway Centerline Lights (RCLL)

White (alternating red/white in last 3,000 feet; red in last 1,000 feet)

50 feet apart

Guide the aircraft along the runway centerline

Đèn vùng chạm (TDZL)

Trắng

100 feet apart

Mark the touchdown zone for landing

Approach Lighting System (ALS)

White (may include red sequenced flashing lights)

Various, depending on configuration

Provide visual guidance during the approach phase

Đèn ngưỡng

Green (viewed from approach); Red (viewed from the runway)

Placed along the side of the runway threshold

Mark the beginning and end of the usable runway

Đèn nhận dạng cuối đường băng (REIL)

Flashing white

Installed at each side of the threshold

Identify the runway threshold from a distance, especially at night

Runway Guard Lights

Flashing yellow

không áp dụng

Indicate a runway holding position, typically at taxiway intersections

Stop Bar Lights

These lights are red

Installed across the taxiway

Indicate that aircraft must stop and not enter the runway

Taxiway Edge Lights

Blue (edge lights); Green (centerline lights)

Edge: 200 feet apart; Centerline: 50 feet apart

Guide aircraft along taxiways to/from the runway

Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI) or VASI

Red/White

không áp dụng

Provide visual glide path information to pilots during approach

Các yêu cầu về khoảng cách giữa đèn đường băng này cải thiện độ an toàn và hiệu quả vận hành bằng cách cung cấp cho phi công dữ liệu trực quan mà họ cần để hướng dẫn môi trường đường băng thành công trong nhiều tình huống khác nhau. 

Phần kết luận

Pilots must understand runway lights to steer safely between landing, takeoff, and taxiing.

With the distinct color and spacing, each kind of light is essential to sustaining good visibility and guaranteeing reliable functions at the airport. 

The taxiway centerline lights guarantee exact alignment down the runway, whereas runway edge lights serve as crucial boundary illuminators.

Pilots can find the best landing spot with the help of Touchdown Zone Lights and quickly identify the runway end with REILs.

Taxiway lights, meanwhile, make ground activities safe and effective.

High-intensity runway lights are used at large, busy airports that provide the highest level of brightness.

You’ll understand the significance of these runway guiding lights the next time you’re flying at night.

Please feel free to liên hệ Vorlane để nhận được nhiều quan điểm hàng không hơn và bày tỏ ý kiến của bạn trong phần bình luận!

Câu hỏi thường gặp (FAQ)

1. Why are runway lights different colors?

The many colors of runway lights serve different purposes to keep pilots safe and aware during different phases of flight:

  • White: The functional runway surface center lines and runway edges.
  • Red: At the end of the runway, warn pilots of the runway limit.
  • Green: At the start of the open runway for landing.
  • Yellow: In the final segment of the runway edge lights.
  • Blue: On taxiway edges to guide aircraft to and from the runway.

2. Why are the centreline lights 50 feet apart?

For a steady guide along the center line, 50-foot spacing is used for centerline lights.

The close spacing of these lights gives the pilot a constant visual reference, which helps in critical takeoff and low-visibility landings.

Because of these lights the pilot can maintain alignment and focus on the runway and land safer.

3. What can the pilot get from Runway End Identifier Lights?

The runway end has flashing white lights to help the pilot identify the end.

These are Runway End Identifier Lights (REIL).

They provide quick recognition of the runway ends during the process, especially at night or in bad visibility.

The high-level flashing lights help the pilot to identify the runway point directly and align safely.

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